【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforQualificationofaCombinationofSqueezeTool,Pipe,andSqueeze-OffProcedurestoAvoidLong-TermDamageinPolyethylene(PE)GasPipe
【原文标准名称】:为避免聚乙烯燃气管长期受损用挤压工具、管和挤出工序组合的鉴定标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMF1734-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F17.60
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:damage;gasflow;pipe;polyethylene;squeeze;squeeze-off;tubing;Damageassessment;Gasflow;Long-termbehavior/performance;Polyethylene(PE);Polyethylene(PE)pipe;Polyethylene(PE)tube;Squeeze-offmaterials/applications
【摘要】:Squeeze-offiswidelyusedtotemporarilycontroltheflowofgasinPEpipe.Squeezetoolsvarydependingonthesizeofthepipeandthedesignofthetool.Squeeze-offproceduresvarydependingonthetooldesign,pipematerial,andenvironmentalconditions.Experienceindicatesthatsomecombinationsofpolyethylenematerial,temperature,tooldesign,wallcompressionpercentageandprocedurecancausedamageleadingtofailure.Studiesofpolyethylenepipeextrudedinthelate1980sandthereaftershowthatdamagetypicallydoesnotdevelopwhenthewallcompressionpercentageis30%orless,whentemperaturesareabove50x00B0;F(10x00B0;C),andwhenclosureandreleaseratesaretypicaloffieldconditionsforscrew-driventools.WithtoolsmeetingSpecificationF1563,acceptableflowcontrolattypicalgasservicepressuresisachievedatwallcompressionpercentagesbetween10and20%forpipediameterslessthan6in.,Becausedamagedoesnotdevelopinthesematerialsatsuchsqueezelevels,thereferencescitedindicatethatsqueeze-offflowcontrolpracticesusingtoolsmeetingSpecificationF1563andqualifiedproceduresmeetingPracticeF1041areeffectiveforsmallerpipesizes.,Note38212;SpecificationF1563providesaprocedureforevaluatingtoolflowcontrolperformance.Thispracticeprovidesamethodtoqualifyacombinationofsqueezetool,pipesizeandmaterial,andsqueeze-offproceduretoensurethatlong-termdamagedoesnotoccur.Thispracticeisusefulforpolyethylenegaspipemanufacturedbefore1975,forneworrevisedpolyolefingaspipematerials,forpipediametersof8in.orabove,forneworrevisedsqueezetooldesigns,andforneworrevisedsqueeze-offprocedures.1.1Thispracticecoversqualifyingacombinationofasqueezetool,apolyethylenegaspipe,andasqueeze-offproceduretoavoidlong-termdamageinpolyethylenegaspipe.Qualifyingisconductedbyexaminingtheinsideandoutsidesurfacesofpipespecimensatandnearthesqueezetodeterminetheexistenceoffeaturesindicativeoflong-termdamage.Ifindicativefeaturesareabsent,sustainedpressuretestinginaccordancewithSpecificationD2513isconductedtoconfirmtheviabilityofthesqueeze-offprocess.Forassistancewithspecimenexamination,anAdjunct,ADJF1734,isavailablefromASTM.1.2Thispracticeisappropriateforanycombinationofsqueezetool,PEgaspipeandsqueeze-offprocedure,andisparticularlyappropriateforpre-1975Polyethylene(PE)pipe,andforpipesizesof8in.orabove,becauseofagreaterpossibilityoflong-termdamage.1.3Thispracticeisforusebysqueeze-toolmanufacturers,pipemanufacturersandgasutilitiestoqualifysqueezetoolsmadeinaccordancewithSpecificationF1563;andsqueeze-offproceduresinaccordancewithGuideF1041withpipemanufacturedinaccordancewithSpecificationD2513.1.4Governingcodesandprojectspecificationsshouldbeconsulted.Nothinginthispracticeshouldbeconstruedasrecommendingpracticesorsystemsatvariancewithgoverningcodesandprojectspecifications.1.5Whereapplicableinthisguide,x201C;pipex201D;shallmeanx201C;pipeandtubing.x201D;1.6Units8212;Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesgiv......
【中国标准分类号】:P94
【国际标准分类号】:23_040_20
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Componentsforelectronicequipment.Non-wirewoundpotentiometersforentertainmentapplications.
【原文标准名称】:电子设备元件.娱乐用非线绕电位计
【标准号】:NFC93-251-1968
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1968-05-01
【实施或试行日期】:1968-04-26
【发布单位】:(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:定义;机械试验;电子设备及元件;验收检验;尺寸;合格试验;验收试验;地下通道;电气试验;名称与符号;声学测量;电气公差;宏观检查;噪声;鉴定试验;环境试验;非线绕电阻器;电子元部件;规范;尺寸公差;宏观分析;额定电阻;噪声:声音;试验
【英文主题词】:Electricalengineering;Non-wirewoundresistors;Potentiometers(resistors);Resistors
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L14
【国际标准分类号】:31_040_20
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:其他